SIA "Elladent"
Vilandes st.18, Riga,
LV-1010, Latvia. map of location
Phone: +371 67333004
Mobile: +371 29102595
Fax: +371 67332773
E-mail: elladent@mailbox.riga.lv

AMALGAM - metallic filling material, practically not used in modern stomatology due to its anaesthetic looks. The main components of the dental amalgam - silver, tin, mercury, copper and zinc.


VENEER - coating that improves outer looks of the front teeth. Plates are made of ceramics in laboratory according to the taken impression or it is formed directly in the mouth cavity of the patient from light-curing filling material. Computerized micro-prosthesis "Cerec" allow formation of the veneer in 10 - 15 minutes following the given three-dimensional photo.


GINGIVITIS - gingiva - it is gum, and gingivitis - inflammation of gum. More often its origin is infection. It is caused by ingress of micro-organisms on damaged parts of gum, traumatized by tartar, crowns or sharp sides of the tooth, food, teeth brush, etc. A cause of gingivitis for children could be gum damage in case of eruption or change of teeth, as well as lack in hygienic skills.


IMPLANTOLOGY trend of stomatology allowing restoration of teeth on the basis of artificial roots.


IMPLANTATE - titanic core put into the jawbone serving as a basis for making a metal-ceramic crown or denture. Implantation allows restoration of lost teeth without need in preliminary sharpening of the neighbouring teeth; setting of irremovable dentures or fixation improvement of removable dentures (implantate as a basis).


COMPOSITE - light-curing composite filling material. Composite fillings are durable enough, easy to polish and without changing of colour in the course of time. These features of the materials allow their application in artistic restoration of teeth by means of which teeth could be prolonged or widened, their colour and form changed, extra spaces between teeth reduced.


CARIES - damage of hard tissues of a tooth under the influence of caries-causing micro-flora. Caries of a tooth is an irreversible process. The earlier the treatment is started the less damage of a tooth, less inconveniences for the patient.

Causes of caries:
Bad care of teeth; use of excessive amount of sugar and sweet flour products, lack of vitamins, calcium and phosphorus, absence of fresh vegetables and fruits in diet; fluorine deficiency in drinking water; ecology; inheritance. Caries development is often connected with pregnancy that is conditioned in the inner changes in the body of a woman, a heightened necessity for calcium. Development of caries in children is facilitated by wrong nutrition and sicknesses of the mother during pregnancy.

Beginning of caries is mostly unrecognisable. Later on, enamel on the damaged spots of teeth becomes softer: superficial caries arise. During this period, painful feelings towards sweet, sour and the touch of the teeth brush appear. Development of the process leads to dentine damage and formation of carious surface (middle caries). In further, dentin of the tooth becomes softer, acute toothache appears as touching of food, cold or hot water, but toothache ends immediately after removal of the irritant (deep caries).

In case not to see the doctor in time and not to stop the carious process, bacteria causing enamel and dentine damage, penetrate into the soft part of the tooth (pulp) and its inflammation - pulpit arises. Non-cured pulpit leads to inflammation of all tissues, surrounding root of the tooth.

Remember: treatment in the first stages of caries means just a simple placing of filling but neglected process will require more serious intervention and more finances.


SEALANT - synthetic material used to seal the fissures; the high effectiveness of sealants ensure safe fixation in fissures.


GLOSSITIS - inflammation of tongue. The main cause of it: anaemia, candidacies and deficiency of some vitamins.


GRANULOMA - inflamed accumulation of granulation in tissue, having arisen as a result of chronic infection, inflammation, foreign substance or any unknown reasons. Such infection diseases as tuberculosis, syphilis, inguinal granuloma, leprosy, as well as some fungous diseases as candid mycosis leads to formation of granulomas. Granulomas can arise as a result of foreign matters in tissues like starch or talc that are used in some surgical procedures, or in presence of such metals as beryllium and zirconium in the body. Granuloma can arise around the top of root of the tooth as a result of inflammation or ingress of infection in its pulp. (granulomatous).


DENTIN - hard tissue forming the major part of a tooth. Dentin of crown of a tooth is covered with enamel and with cement of the tooth - at its root. Dentin is penetrated by multitude of the smallest canals (dental tubules) that contain cells of tooth pulp (dentinoblasts) near to surface of the tooth. Exposed dentin is hypersensitive to touch, impact of the warm and cold.


DEPOT-PHORESIS - method of treatment of periodontitis, cyst, osteolysis, pulpits (after devitalisation of pulp) by help of Cuprala® and devices "Comfort" and "Original II" in modern stomatology.


CANALS - spots in root of the tooth filled with soft tissues (blood vessels and nerves).


CROWN - denture covering the crown of the natural tooth. Teeth are particularly prepared under the crowns that are fixed on teeth by means of cement. In modern stomatology, higher aesthetics is reached by means of metal-ceramic crowns.


CYST growth-like formation, in 80 % of cases - root cyst arising as a result of chronic inflammation process in periodont.


WHITENING - impact of brightening chemical reagents on teeth enamel in order to reach higher aesthetics. Are used together with individual counters that are put on for a night.


MOLARS - posteriors serving for chewing, make smaller the hard food. They have massive crowns with wide chewing surface. They are 12 altogether - 3 of them on each side of the upper and lower part of jawbone.


PARODONTAL DISEASE - broken structure of bone tissue, periodont, metabolic disturbance, no pains, prolonging of a tooth appears - gum backs down and the root exposes.


PERIODONTITIS - can be infectious, traumatic and drug-induced, inflammatory disease of parodont, often accompanied by acute pain.


SKELETON DENTURES - removable constructions, the part of the base of which is a metallic arch, is fixed on supportive teeth by means of clasps or lock fastenings.


PULPITIS - inflammation of pulp of the tooth. Appears as a result of caries complication, tooth-supplying vessels damage, break-off a part of a crown accompanied by exposure of pulp, or fracture of the tooth. Acute development. The main syndrome - acute pain arising spontaneously (regardless of chewing or presence of the cold or hot), mainly occurring in the evening or at night. Sometimes pain is of a "tearing" character, passing over to neighbouring teeth, ears, temple, back of the head.
Pulpitis can be acute or chronic. If the treatment is not provided, microorganisms through the canal of the tooth penetrate in depth in the tissues surrounding the root, and cause periodontitis.


PARODONT - the tooth supporting and fixing tissue complex. Supply of teeth is also carried out through parodont. Parodont consists of gum, ligament apparatus of the tooth, and bone tissue.


PARODONTITIS - inflammatory disease of tissues of parodont. Cause a disturbance in supply of teeth and damage of structures fixing the tooth in gum. Symptoms - easily bleeding gums (while eating, brushing the teeth), mobility of teeth (space increases between teeth, teeth become irregular, come out of the teeth row, become "longer", gum decreases, exposing neck of teeth), pus in tooth-gum pockets. Treatment of parodontal disease is always complex.


RADIOVISIOGRAPH, RVG-DIAGNOSTICS - the device is famous also as a digital "X-ray". Multifunctional device for medical check-up, control of the treatment and its quality. The main differences in comparison to X-Ray device:
- 10 times less radiation
- a possibility to obtain colour video record
- keeping the "picture" in printed form and / or electronic form in memory of the computer (hard disk, diskette).


FLOSS - teeth string - one of the means used in mouth cavity hygiene. Cleans spaces between teeth.


BRUXISM - a habit of involuntary grinding of teeth that leads to untimely abrasion of teeth. Usually occurs during sleep.


BRACES - metallic strap cemented on teeth. A thread is put through it that regulates tension and evens out the teeth row and improves occlusion. By help of braces, teeth row could be evened out at any age. Recently, they are put not only on the outer side of teeth but also on the inner side that does not affect aesthetics and does not complicate hygiene.


TOOTHACHE - pain that occurs when hard tissues of the tooth are damaged and exposure or touch of soft tissues and nerve, as a result of diseases or traumatic intervention take place.


INSET in stomatology - hard filling placed in the tooth and fixed by means of cement mastic. Regardless of that that gold as previously is widely used in the production of theses fillings, currently also porcelain is more and more used in composites.


SEALING OF FISSURES - primary prophylaxis of caries. Fissures of chewing teeth are hermetically filled with synthetic material that excludes a possibility of microflora penetration there forming the soft teeth plaque and initiating caries. The method is very effective (up to 95%).


REMOVABLE PLASTIC DENTURES - used in case of a partial or complete loss of teeth. Consist of plastic or metallic base with artificial teeth and mechanic fixers ("hooks").


MICROPROSTHESIS - small dentures (insets, root insets, bridges Merilind), which the doctor models directly in mouth of the patient, or the dental mechanic in laboratory.


FILLING - filling up the drilled spots in teeth with specially prepared substance for this reason (often is performed when caries is treated). Dental filling could be temporary or permanent, and different materials could be used for preparing of it (Amalgam, composite plastic, heliomaterial).


FILLING METHODS - fillings, insets, root insets, produced by help of "Cerec" or in laboratory.


PULP - conjunctive tissue of teeth pulp located in tooth, surrounded by dentin except of the top of opening of the tooth.


STOMATITIS - inflammation of the mucous membrane. Stomatitis ulcerous - necrotic - gangrene-like inflammation pit of tongue and mouth cavity.


WISDOM TOOTH - the third big molar tooth of the upper and lower jawbone that comes through about at the age of 20.



PIN - metallic core cemented in the root of a tooth on which stump is formed for a subsequent making of an artificial crown. Pins could be standard produced by plant, or made in laboratory.



ENAMEL (dental) - extremely hard outer covering of the crown of a tooth. Is synthesized by ameloblasts before teething.